Pharmacognosy

Synonyms Indian tobacco, Wild tobacco Ben. – Bantamaku, Badanal; Guj. – Nali; Mai. – Kattupukaila; Mar. – Devnala; San. – Bibhishana. BS Lobelia consists of dried aerial parts of Lobelia nicotianaefolia Heyne. It contains not less than 0.55% of total alkaloids calculated as Lobeline. Family Lobeliaceae CC 1. Alkaloids in given below Lobeline Lobelidine Lobelanine Lobelanidine Isolobenine 2. It also contains pungent volatile oil, resin, gum and fixed oil. Uses spasmodic asthma chronic bronchitis. The physiological action is similar to that of nicotine. In case of resuscitation (Restoration to life of one apparently dead). It is use in respiratory stimulant.

Senna Synonyms Senna lead, senna folium , Cassia senna BS Dried leaflets of Cassia senna (Cassia acutifolia) also known commercially as Alexandrian senna or khartoum senna and Cassia angustifolia, which is commercially known as Tinnevelly senna or Indian senna. Should not be confused with Cassia which is a common name for cinnamon. Family Leguminosae CC 2 Anthraquinones glycosides senna side A Senna side B Senna side C Senna side D Uses purgative gripping effect Cathartic, eases bullousness, clean system of worms

Indian Gum    Synonyms      Gum Arabic, Gum acacia, Babul and Gondu               BS      Dried gummy exudation obtained from the stem and branches of Acacia arabica Wild               Family      Leguminosae              CC      Polysaccharide Arabin, D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose,   D-glucoronic acid.             Uses 1. Demulcent. 2. Emulsifying agent. 3. Suspending agent. 4. Binding agent. 5. Used in inflammation of intestinal mucosa. 6. Used to cover inflamed surface such as bums, sore nipples, etc. 7. Used in the manufacture of adhesive and ink.            

Synonyms Myrobalan, Harar (hindi), Hirdo (guj) BS It consists of dried mature fruits of Terminalia Chebula Retz . Family Combretaceae CC tannin (30 to 32%) gallic acid glucogallin chebulic acid Uses Production of sole leather A fine paste of drug with corn oil affects a more rapid cure when applied to burns. Its bark is endowed with both diuretic and cardiotonic properties

Synonyms Mulethi, Radix glycyrrhizae, Licorice, Jethi Madh, Yashtimadhu, Glycyrrhiza BS It consists of subterranean peeled and unpeeled stolons, roots, and subterranean stems of Glycyrrhiza globra Linn. Family Leguminosae CC Bitter principle: glyceramarin Coumarin derivatives: Herniarin, umbelliferone. Asparase, β-sitosterol, starch, resin and malic acid Saponin glycosides: Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid. Flavonoids: Liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritin and isoliquiritigenin. Uses Tonic Laxative Spasmolytic agent. Anti-inflammatory agent. Cough and peptic ulcer. Diuretic and emollient property. Demulcent and expectorant. Chewing gums, chocolate candy, cigarette and chewing tobacco.

Synonyms Ispaghula, Isapgol, Spogel seeds; Ben. Eshopgol; Guj.- Isafghol; Hin.- Isabghol. BS It consists of dried seeds of Plantago ovata Forsk. Family Plantaginaceae CC Ispaghula seeds and husk contains 10-30% of hydrocolloids as mucilage. Chemically, it contains pentosan and aldobionic acid, Rhamnose, arabinose and galactouronic acids are hydrolyzed products of mucilage. Fixed oils and proteinsare also present in the drug. Uses Demulcents (Soothing property). It is use in treatment of chronic constipation. It is used in chronic dysentery of amoebic and bacillary origin. It is used in chronic diarrhea. It is also used as a stabilizer in ice cream industry.

Hydnocarpus Oil Synonyms Chaulmoogra oil, Gynocardia oil BS Hydnocarpus Oil is the fatty oil obtained by cold expression from the fresh ripe seeds of Hydnocarpus kurzii warb; Hydnocarpus weghtiana and Hydnocarpus anthelmintica. Family Flacourtiaceae. CC Fatty acid- Hydnocarpic acid Chaulmoogric acid Gorlic acid Oleic acid Palmitic acid Uses It is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Leprosy.