Pharmacognosy

Indian Tobacco Biological source Indian tobacco, also known as Lobelia inflata, is a herbaceous annual plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is native to North America and is traditionally used as a medicinal plant. The leaves and seeds of the plant are used medicinally. Geographical source Indian tobacco is native to North America, specifically found in the United States and Canada. It is a herbaceous annual plant that can grow up to 2 meters in height. The leaves are green, elongated and lanceolate, and the flowers are blue or purple. Cultivation, Collection and Preparation Cultivation: Indian tobacco is a hardy annual plant that can be grown in a variety of soils, but prefers well-drained soils with a pH between 6 and 7. It is typically propagated by seed and can be grown in full sun or partial shade. Collection: The leaves and seeds are collected during the summer and fall when the plant is in full bloom. Preparation: The collected leaves and seeds are dried, and then t

Biological source: Ipecacuanha is a plant species in the family Rubiaceae, specifically the species Carapichea ipecacuanha. The plant is native to Brazil, and is traditionally used as a medicinal plant. The root of the plant is used medicinally. Ipecacuanha root does not have any specific color, odor or taste as it is used in its powdered form. The powder is light brown in color, has no odor and a slightly bitter taste. Geographical source: Ipecacuanha is native to Brazil, specifically found in the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Goiás. Cultivation, Collection and Preparation: Cultivation: Ipecacuanha is a hardy perennial plant that can be grown in a variety of soils, but prefers well-drained soils with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. It can be propagated from seed or by dividing the rootstock. Collection: The roots of the plant are harvested after 2-3 years of growth. The roots are usually collected during the dry season, when the plant is dormant. Preparation: The roots are dried and th

Senna Synonyms Senna lead, senna folium , Cassia senna BS Dried leaflets of Cassia senna (Cassia acutifolia) also known commercially as Alexandrian senna or khartoum senna and Cassia angustifolia, which is commercially known as Tinnevelly senna or Indian senna. Should not be confused with Cassia which is a common name for cinnamon. Family Leguminosae CC 2 Anthraquinones glycosides senna side A Senna side B Senna side C Senna side D Uses purgative gripping effect Cathartic, eases bullousness, clean system of worms

Indian Gum    Synonyms      Gum Arabic, Gum acacia, Babul and Gondu               BS      Dried gummy exudation obtained from the stem and branches of Acacia arabica Wild               Family      Leguminosae              CC      Polysaccharide Arabin, D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose,   D-glucoronic acid.             Uses 1. Demulcent. 2. Emulsifying agent. 3. Suspending agent. 4. Binding agent. 5. Used in inflammation of intestinal mucosa. 6. Used to cover inflamed surface such as bums, sore nipples, etc. 7. Used in the manufacture of adhesive and ink.            

Synonyms Ispaghula, Isapgol, Spogel seeds; Ben. Eshopgol; Guj.- Isafghol; Hin.- Isabghol. BS It consists of dried seeds of Plantago ovata Forsk. Family Plantaginaceae CC Ispaghula seeds and husk contains 10-30% of hydrocolloids as mucilage. Chemically, it contains pentosan and aldobionic acid, Rhamnose, arabinose and galactouronic acids are hydrolyzed products of mucilage. Fixed oils and proteinsare also present in the drug. Uses Demulcents (Soothing property). It is use in treatment of chronic constipation. It is used in chronic dysentery of amoebic and bacillary origin. It is used in chronic diarrhea. It is also used as a stabilizer in ice cream industry.